The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) effectiveness for regeneration of periodontal defects. EMD activates cementum synthesis, PDL and bone during the maturation stage of follicole. In this research, EMD was used in surgical defects of premolar teeth in four adult sheep. Muccoperiosteal flap was reflected in buccal site of teeth. The buccal bone plate was removed from mesial to distal in 4 mm depth. After eliminating the cementum by bur and its etching, EMD was applied on exposed dentine and flap was sutured. In opposite sites of those teeth (control sites) the same process was performed without etching. After 100 days, sheep were sacrificed and histological study through light microscopic was performed on black sections of operation sites. The results showed that in test sites, regeneration of cementum and bone was 62/5% and 42/5-50% respectively. But in control sites regeneration of cementum and bone was 37.5% and 32/5-42/5% respectively. Also the migration of junctional epithelium in control sites was 8-10% more than test sites. The important point is that in test sites, cementum was completely attached to undermining dentine. But, in control sites, the gap between cementum and dentine was visible. As a result, this study suggests that EMD promotes periodontal regeneration, and EMD application is a successful achievement in regenerative periodontal therapy.

Transfer function of the InGaAs/GaAs SAQD laser is calculated using its rate equations. Using the calculated transfer function, time and frequency analysis can be implemented completely. In the time domain, the calculated transfer function can show the transient and steady state response of the laser. Also this transfer function can be used in circuit simulator such as SPICE in order for analyzing the electro-optical VLSI circuits. After the calculation of the transfer function, time domain together with Nyquist responses has been calculated. The effect of carrier dynamics on the output response of the laser is analyzed in this case. Nyquist diagram is selected in this analysis because one can predict the closed loop system using the open loop system. Unlike the systems such as interconnects and transistors that are analyzed before, the results reveal that in SAQDLs, the ratio of the transient peak overshoot in the output power to stable output power is very large. Accordingly in integrated circuits that use SAQDLs, amplification of each overshoots in output power of the laser can deteriorate the input of the next circuit module on the chip or shock to it. This increases the importance of the stability analysis in SAQDLs for more reliability.

Transient flows can also be analyzed in the frequency domain in addition to the time domain. The frequency domain needs no discretization in time and space and this is a one of the advantages of using this domain. Due to this reason, time of computations is reduced. For the frequency analysis of transient flows, the non-linear terms of the governing equations and boundary conditions must be linearized. It causes errors in the output of the frequency domain over the exact model of the characteristics method (MOC). Understanding the effect of each non-linear terms separately in the error caused by the frequency domain leads to a greater insight into this domain and provides the basis for future activities to improve this domain. In this study, the individual effects of each non-linear terms of the steady friction and valve in the generated error in the frequency domain output are shown by using a Reservoir-Pipe-Valve (RPV) system which has been excited oscillatory. This study has demonstrated that the effect of the friction term of steady flow on the generated error in the output of frequency domain is negligible, while the nonlinear term of the valve is the main cause of the error in the frequency domain.

The present study is going to illustrate the necessity of exempting the divorce from the private parties' agreement (control) and the important need of the assertion of legal mechanism to access to the specific legal norm in respect of this divorce. It will be suggested with the purpose of the protection of family institution as a social and ethical entity. The present study is a descriptive analytical research. Accordingly the researcher will describe the characteristics of the legal institution of divorce at first and then it will explain the different legal system's attitude to this respect. Afterward the prerequisites and the condition of the validity of this type of divorces in various times will be evaluated. Finally the ambiguity existed regarding to this issue in different legal system will be examined. A legal system in which the family as a social and ethical institution is protected by law will deal with the dissolution of this entity more sensitively and will prevent the inopportune divorces. Consequently this divorce cannot be leaved to the mere agreement of the married couple. This approach will not regard the dissolution of the family as a revocation of private contractor rescission and it will enter in the public domain. The Iranian legal system seems to accept such an attitude. It has not regarded the mere agreements of married couple as a sufficient condition for the termination of marriage contract.Since a lot of inopportune divorces which have been precipitately and unreasonably occurred in the first years after the marriage will threat the family institution, the appropriate law should prevent the adventitious and unreasonable termination of the marriage. As mentioned above the Iranian legal system, in spite of some vagueness’s, has accepted this approach and has limited the autonomy of the married couple in rescission of the marriage contract.

Different ossificant materials have been used used for induction of bone repair in many studies, and bone Matrix gelatin which contains bone morphogenic proteins one of the best ones.In present study we evaluated the role of this mat erial in acceleration of bone repair in rabbit tibia.A hole of 305mm diameter was made on right tibia of 10 and 12 rabbits as study and control group respectively, In the experiment group, in addittion to Bone Wax, we applied bone Matrix glatin in the hole. Radiographic images were taken in days 0, 20, 40 and 53 after operation In 6 rabbits of each group, photographic pictures were also taken after exposure of entire bone. In 6 controls less degree of restoration were seen on day 53. In 4 experimental animals restoration were completed by this time and in 2 speciments repair processing were better then controls. This results shows that bone Matrix gelatin can be used as an acclerator of bone repair.

This work deals with misfit angles which are observable in ferroelastic phase transition. In this paper the misfit angles are calculated for six different ferroelastic phase transitions, where there is only one possible misfit angle. We use spontaneous strain tensor and Algebraic and geom- etric approach observable in the calculation. This method can be used for all possible misfit angles and for all ferroelastic species are given.

The aim of the present work is to introduce the concept of $\lambda _{r}$-almost convergence of sequences. We define the spaces $f\left( \lambda _{r}\right) $ and $f_{0}\left( \lambda _{r}\right) $ of $ \lambda _{r}$-almost convergent and $\lambda _{r}$-almost null sequences. We investigate some inclusion relations concerning those spaces with examples and we determine the $\beta $- and $\gamma $-duals of the space $f\left( \lambda _{r}\right) $. Finally, we give the characterization of some Matrix classes.

Background and aim: Palatal groove as a growth-developmental anomaly can lead to periodontal problems, therefore diagnosis and treatment of its complications is of high importance.The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the efficacy of enamel Matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of periodontal defects due to palatal groove.Materials and Methods: Ten patients with palatal groove on maxillary lateral incisor with pocket depth ≥4mm were chosen from those referred to department of periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and private office (2002-2003). During the surgical procedure, a full thickness flap was elevated and respective root thoroughly planed. After groove saucerization, EMD was used to cover the defect. The flap was then coronally positioned and secured with 3-0 silk sutures.Clinical measurements were taken at baseline, 1 and 3 months post-surgery. These parameters included pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Statistical analysis was performed by the test of difference between means.Results: mean PPD and CAL before surgery were 5.7mm and 6.2mm, respectively that changed to 1.5mm and 2.05mm at 3 months post-surgery-statistically significant gain of attachment (71.05%) was observed 3 months after surgery (p-value <0.000).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that EMD can be used successfully for periodontal attachment gain in teeth with palatal groove.